Raporo iheruka gukorwa ivuga ko inganda z’imyenda ku isi zagereranijwe zigera kuri miliyari 920 USD, kandi zizagera kuri miliyari 1,230 US mu 2024.
Inganda z’imyenda zateye imbere cyane kuva havumburwa ipamba mu kinyejana cya 18.Iri somo ryerekana imigendekere yimyenda iheruka kwisi yose kandi ryerekana iterambere ryinganda.Imyenda ni ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri fibre, filaments, umugozi, cyangwa umugozi, kandi birashobora kuba tekiniki cyangwa ibisanzwe bitewe nikoreshwa ryabyo.Imyenda ya tekiniki ikorwa kumikorere yihariye.Ingero zirimo gushungura amavuta cyangwa ikariso.Imyenda isanzwe ikorwa kubwiza bwiza, ariko kandi irashobora kuba ingirakamaro.Ingero zirimo amakoti n'inkweto.
Inganda z’imyenda nisoko rinini ku isi rigira ingaruka ku bihugu byose ku isi haba mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye.Kurugero, abantu bagurisha ipamba bongereye ibiciro mumpera za 2000 kubera ibibazo byibihingwa ariko nyuma babura ipamba kuko yagurishijwe vuba.Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro n'ubuke byagaragaye mu biciro by'abaguzi ku bicuruzwa birimo ipamba, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bigabanuka.Uru nurugero rwibanze rwukuntu buri mukinnyi winganda ashobora kugira ingaruka kubandi.Birashimishije bihagije, imigendekere niterambere bikurikiza iri tegeko.
Urebye ku isi hose, inganda z’imyenda ni isoko ryiyongera, aho abanywanyi bakomeye ari Ubushinwa, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Amerika, n'Ubuhinde.
Ubushinwa: Abatunganya ibicuruzwa n’abatumiza ku isi
Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kiza ku isonga mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Nubwo Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga imyenda mike ndetse n’imyenda myinshi ku isi kubera icyorezo cya coronavirus, igihugu gikomeza kuba ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.WTO ivuga ko imigabane y’isoko ry’Ubushinwa mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi yagabanutse ikava ku gipimo cya 38.8% muri 2014 ikagera ku gipimo cya 30.8% muri 2019 (yari 31.3% muri 2018).Hagati aho, Ubushinwa bwagize 39.2% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi mu 2019, bikaba byari amateka mashya.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Ubushinwa bugira uruhare runini mu gutanga imyenda ku bihugu byinshi byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Aziya.
Abakinnyi bashya: Ubuhinde, Vietnam na Bangladesh
WTO ivuga ko Ubuhinde n’igihugu cya gatatu mu nganda zikora imyenda kandi gifite agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birenga miliyari 30 USD.Ubuhinde bufite inshingano zirenga 6% by’umusaruro wose w’imyenda, ku isi yose, kandi ufite agaciro ka miliyari 150 USD.
Vietnam yarenze Tayiwani kandi iza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2019 (miliyari 8.8 z'amadolari yoherezwa mu mahanga, byiyongereyeho 8.3% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize), ni ubwa mbere mu mateka.Ihinduka ryerekana kandi imbaraga za Vietnam zo gukomeza kuzamura inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda no gushimangira umusaruro w’imyenda waho urimo gutanga umusaruro.
Ku rundi ruhande, nubwo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Vietnam (byiyongereyeho 7.7%) na Bangaladeshi (byiyongereyeho 2,1%) byishimiye iterambere ryihuse mu buryo bwuzuye muri 2019, inyungu zabo ku migabane y’isoko zari nke cyane (ni ukuvuga ko nta gihinduka kuri Vietnam kandi hejuru cyane) 0.3 ku ijana kuva kuri 6.8% kugeza kuri 6.5% kuri Bangladesh).Igisubizo cyerekana ko kubera ubushobozi buke, nta gihugu na kimwe cyigeze kigaragara ngo kibe “Ubushinwa bukurikira.”Ahubwo, imigabane yatakaye mubushinwa mubicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byujujwe nitsinda ryibihugu bya Aziya burundu.
Isoko ryimyenda ryabonye roller coaster mumyaka icumi ishize.Kubera ihungabana ry’igihugu runaka, kwangirika kw’ibihingwa, no kubura ibicuruzwa, habaye ibibazo bitandukanye bibangamira iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda.Inganda z’imyenda muri Amerika zabonye iterambere rikomeye mu myaka icumi ishize kandi ziyongereyeho 14% muri kiriya gihe.Nubwo akazi katigeze gakura cyane, kararenze, kikaba ari itandukaniro rinini kuva mu mpera za 2000 igihe habaye kwirukanwa gukabije.
Kuva uyu munsi, bivugwa ko ahantu hose hagati ya miliyoni 20 na miliyoni 60 abantu bakoreshwa mu nganda z’imyenda ku isi.Akazi mu nganda z'imyenda ni ingenzi cyane mu bukungu butera imbere nk'Ubuhinde, Pakisitani, na Vietnam.Inganda zingana na 2% by’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu Gihugu ku isi kandi bingana n’igice kinini cya GDP ku bicuruzwa biza ku isonga mu bihugu bitanga umusaruro n’ibyohereza mu mahanga imyenda n’imyenda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-02-2022